Genetic Diversity for Fruit Yield and Yield-Related Traits in Eggplant Genotypes

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph. D. Student, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Agriculture Production and Plant Genetics Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

4 Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

5 Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Recourses, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

Abstract

To study genetic diversity for yield and yield-related traits in eggplant, 86 local and commercial eggplant cultivars, grown by farmers in Iran, were evaluated for eight yield-related traits using randomized complete block design with three replications under greenhouse conditions in winter 2020. Analysis of variance of data showed that genotypes had significant differences for all measured traits. Fruit yield plant-1, fruit number plant-1 and fruit weight of genotypes varied from 60.3 to 5151 grams, 1.23 to 39 and 14.3 to 387.9 grams, respectively. Mean comparison revealed that the cv. Sable had the highest fruit yield plant-1 followed by genotypes no. 4, 2 and 5, respectively. Genotypes no. 76, 72, 70, 74 and 66 had the lowest fruit yield plant-1, respectively. Principal components analysis showed that three independent components explained 63% of the total variation. Cluster analysis using Ward method clustered studied eggplant genotypes in four different groups. These results were consistent with fruit yield performance of eggplant genotypes. Stepwise regression showed that three traits of fruit number plant-1, fruit weight and fruit width had the greatest effect on fruit yield plant-1. Path analysis showed that fruit weight and fruit number plant-1 traits had direct effect on fruit yield plant-1. The results of this research can be used to develop breeding populations for selection pure lines in eggplant breeding programs.
 
Keywords: Eggplant, fruit number plant-1, fruit weight, fruit yield plant-1, germplasm.
Introduction
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is the fifth most important vegetable crop in the world. Iran ranks sixth in global eggplant production. Currently, all the commercial hybrid cultivars grown in Iran are imported, and the efforts of Iranian eggplant breeders for development of hybrid cultivars are progressing. The initial step in eggplant breeding involves collecting germplasm and assessing the level of genetic diversity of different traits (Prohens et al., 2005) The objectives of this research were: 1. Assessment of the genetic diversity in eggplant germplasm, 2. Grouping eggplant genotypes and evaluating the relationships between fruit yield related traits, and 3. Selection of superior genotypes to be used for crossing in eggplant breeding programs.
 
Materials and Methods
In this study, 86 different commercial eggplant genotypes were collected from different sources. The seeds of eggplant genotypes were sown in greenhouse using complete randomized block design with three replications under greenhouse conditions at Negin Bazr Danesh Company, Khorasgan Azad University, Isfahan, Iran, in winter 2020. Genotypes fruit yield plant-1 and yield-related traits were measured evaluated. Normality of the data was tested using Minitab 18.1. Analysis of variance as well as mean comparisons were performed, using LSD, using SAS 9.4. Cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and correlation between traits were performed using Minitab 18.1 for grouping genotypes and studying trait relationships. Path analysis was carried out by Path 2 software.
 
Results and Discussion
Fruit yield plant-1, fruit number plant-1 and fruit weight of genotypes varied from 60.3 to 5151 grams, 1.23 to 39 and 14.3 to 387.9 grams, respectively. Analysis of variance of data showed that genotypes had significant differences for all measured traits. Mean comparison revealed that the cv. Sable had the highest fruit yield plant-1 followed by genotypes no. 4, 2 and 5, respectively. Genotypes no. 76, 72, 70, 74 and 66 had the lowest fruit yield plant-1, respectively.
Principal components analysis showed that three independent components explained 63% of the total variation. Cluster analysis using Ward method clustered studied eggplant genotypes in four different groups. These results were consistent with fruit yield performance of eggplant genotypes. Stepwise regression showed that three traits of fruit number plant-1, fruit weight and fruit width had the greatest effect on fruit yield plant-1. Path analysis showed that fruit weight and fruit number plant-1 traits had direct effect on fruit yield plant-1. These results were consistent with fruit yield performance of eggplant genotypes. Stepwise regression showed that three traits of fruit number plant-1, fruit weight and fruit width had the greatest effect on fruit yield plant-1. Path analysis showed that fruit weight and fruit number plant-1 traits had direct effect on fruit yield plant-1.
Kameli et al. (2020) evaluated different eggplant genotypes and grouped them in four groups using cluster analysis. Genotypes in different groups can be used in hybridization programs to incorporate genetic diversity in breeding materials. Uddin et al. (2021) studied 130 local eggplant germplasm to select parents for eggplant breeding program and reported that fruit yield plant-1 significantly correlated with fruit diameter, number of fruits plant-1 and fruit weight. Genetic diversity in Iranian eggplant landraces has been used for selection of pure lines and new cultivars in the national eggplant breeding program of Iran (Bagheri et al., 2014).
 Therefore, it is suggested that the eggplant cultivars in the first and second groups, in the present research, can be used to develop breeding populations for selection pure lines and new cultivars in eggplant breeding programs.
 
References
Bagheri, M., Keshavarz, S., Zarbakhsh, A.J. and Salmani, K.A. 2014. Selected lines from Iranian eggplant landraces in advanced yield trails. Seed and Plant Journal, 29(1), pp.857-859 (in Persian). DOI: 10.22092/spij.2017.111195
Kameli, A.M., Kiani, G. and Kazemitabar, S.K. 2020. The evaluation of phenotypic diversity in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) genotypes. Journal of Vegetables Sciences, 3(6), pp.31-41. DOI: 10.22034/iuvs.2020.114655.1071
Prohens, J., Blanca, J.M. and Nuez, F. 2005. Morphological and molecular variation in a collection of eggplants from a secondary center of diversity: Implications for conservation and breeding. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 130(1), pp.54-63. DOI: 10.21273/JASHS.130.1.54
Uddin, M.S., Billah M., Afroz R., Rahman, S., Jahan, N., Hossain, M.G., Bagum S.A., Uddin, M.S., Khaldun, A.B.M., Azam, M.G., Hossein, N., Akanada, M.A.L., Alhormani, M., Gaber, A. and Hossein, A. 2021. Evaluation of 130 eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) genotypes for future breeding program based on qualitative and quantitative traits, and various genetic parameters. Horticulturae, 7(10), 376. DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7100376

Keywords

References

Anonymous, 2022. Agricultural Statistical Yearbook. 3rd Volume. Horticultural and Glasshouse Products. Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture, Tehran, Iran. 401 pp. (in Persian).
 
 
Asati, B.S. 2001. Evaluation of brinjal (round) varieties under Chhattisgarh condition. M. Sc. Thesis. Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, India. 372 pp.
 
 
Bagheri, M., Keshavarz, S., Zarbakhsh, A.J. and Salmani, K.A. 2014. Selected lines from Iranian eggplant landraces in advanced yield trails. Seed and Plant Journal, 29(1), pp.857-859 (in Persian). DOI: 10.22092/spij.2017.111195
 
 
Banerjee, S., Singh Bisht, Y. and Verma, A. 2018. Genetic diversity of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) in the foot hills of Himalaya. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(4), pp.3240-3248. DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2018.704.367
 
 
Damnjanović, J., Girek, Z., Milojević, J., Zečević, V., Živanović, T., Ugrinović, M. and Pavlović, S. 2022.  Assessment of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) genotypes and selection of parameters for better yield. Chemistry Proceedings, 10, 31, DOI: 10.3390/IOCAG2022-12309
 
 
Devi, C.P., Munshi, A.D., Behera, T.K., Choudhary, H., Gurung, B. and Saha, P. 2015. Cross compatibility in interspecific hybridization of eggplant, Solanum melongena, with its wild relatives. Scientia Horticulturae, 193, pp.353-358. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2015.07.024
 
 
Farsi, M. and Bagheri, A. 2006. Principles of plant breeding. Jihad-e-Daneshgahi Publications of Mashhad. Mashhad, Iran. 368 pp. (in Persian).
 
 
Ghorbanpour, A., Salimi, A., Tajick Ghanbary, M.A., Pirdashti, H. and Dehestani, A. 2018. Relationship between fruit yield and its components in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars using multivariate statistical methods. Journal of Crop Breeding, 9(24), pp.22-29. DOI: 10.29252/jcb.9.24.22
 
 
Kameli, A.M., Kiani, G. and Kazemitabar, S.K. 2020. The evaluation of phenotypic diversity in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) genotypes. Journal of Vegetables Sciences, 3(6), pp.31-41. DOI: 10.22034/iuvs.2020.114655.1071
 
 
Meyer, R.S., DuVal, A.E. and Jensen, H.R. 2012.  Patterns and processes in crop domestication: A historical review and quantitative analysis of 203 global food crops. New Phytologist.  196, pp.29–48.  DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04253.x
 
 
Naeem, M.Y. and Ugur, S. 2019. Nutritional content and health benefits of eggplant. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 7, pp.31-36. DOI: 10.24925/turjaf.v7isp3.31-36.3146
 
 
Patel, S.N., Popat, R.C., Patel, P.A. and Vekariya, R.D. 2018. Genetic diversity analysis in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) genotypes: A principal component analysis approach. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(01), pp.3296-3301. DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2018.701.392
 
 
Plazas, M., Lopez-Gresa, M., Vilanova, S., Torres, C., Hurtado, M., Gramazio, P., Andujar, I., Herraiz, F.J., Belles J.M. and Prohens, J. 2013. Diversity and relationships in key traits for functional and apparent quality in a collection of eggplant: Fruit phenolics content, antioxidant activity, polyphenol oxidase activity, and browning. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61, pp.8871−8879.
 
 
Polignano, G., Uggenti, P., Bisignano, V. and Gatta, C.D. 2010. Genetic divergence analysis in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and allied species. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 57, pp.171–181. DOI: 10.1007/s10722-009-9459-6
 
 
Prohens, J., Blanca, J.M. and Nuez, F. 2005. Morphological and molecular variation in a collection of eggplants from a secondary center of diversity: Implications for conservation and breeding. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 130(1), pp.54-63. DOI: 10.21273/JASHS.130.1.54
 
 
Rahman, M., Islam, K., Jahan, M. and Uddin, M. 2009.  Efficacy of some botanicals in controlling brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis. Progressive Agriculture, 20, pp.35–42. DOI: 10.3329/pa.v20i1-2.16847
 
 
Rocha, J.R.A.C., Machado, J.C. and Carneiro, P.C.S. 2018.  Multitrait index based on factor analysis and ideotype-design: Proposal and application on elephant grass breeding for bioenergy. GCB Bioenergy. 10, pp.52–60. DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.12443
 
 
Sharmin, D., Meah, M. and Moniruzzaman, M. 2010.  Inheritance of resistance to phomopsis blight and fruit rot in brinjal. Journal of Agroforestry and Environment, 3, pp.135–140.
 
 
Srivastava, S., Saidaiah, P., Shivraj, N. and Reddy, K.R. 2018. Correlation and path analysis studies of yield and yield components in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(6), pp.1910-1914.
 
 
Tripathy, B., Sharma, D., Singh, J. and Nair, S.K. 2018.  Correlation and path analysis studies of yield and yield components in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). International Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences, 6(1), pp.1266-1270. DOI: 10.18782/2320-7051.5677
 
 
Tümbilen, Y., Frary, A., Mutlu, S. and Doganlar, S.  2011. Genetic diversity in Turkish eggplant (Solanum melongena) varieties as determined by morphological and molecular analyses. International Research Journal of Biotechnology, 2(1), pp.16-25.
 
 
Uddin, M.S., Billah M., Afroz R., Rahman, S., Jahan, N., Hossain, M.G., Bagum S.A., Uddin, M.S., Khaldun, A.B.M., Azam, M.G., Hossein, N., Akanada, M.A.L., Alhormani, M., Gaber, A. and Hossein, A. 2021. Evaluation of 130 eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) genotypes for future breeding program based on qualitative and quantitative traits, and various genetic parameters. Horticulturae, 7(10), 376. DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7100376
 
 
Uddin, M.S., Rahman, M.M., Hossain, M.M. and Mian, M.A.K. 2014. Genetic diversity in eggplant genotypes for heat tolerance. SAARC Journal of Agriculture, 12(2), pp.25-39.
 
 
 
 
Seed and Plant Journal
Volume 39, Issue 4
August 2024
Pages 596-567

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics