Genetic Diversity for Fruit Yield and Yield-Related Traits in Eggplant Genotypes

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph. D. Student, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Agriculture Production and Plant Genetics Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

4 Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

5 Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Recourses, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

Abstract

To study genetic diversity for yield and yield-related traits in eggplant, 86 local and commercial eggplant cultivars, grown by farmers in Iran, were evaluated for eight yield-related traits using randomized complete block design with three replications under greenhouse conditions in winter 2020. Analysis of variance of data showed that genotypes had significant differences for all measured traits. Fruit yield plant-1, fruit number plant-1 and fruit weight of genotypes varied from 60.3 to 5151 grams, 1.23 to 39 and 14.3 to 387.9 grams, respectively. Mean comparison revealed that the cv. Sable had the highest fruit yield plant-1 followed by genotypes no. 4, 2 and 5, respectively. Genotypes no. 76, 72, 70, 74 and 66 had the lowest fruit yield plant-1, respectively. Principal components analysis showed that three independent components explained 63% of the total variation. Cluster analysis using Ward method clustered studied eggplant genotypes in four different groups. These results were consistent with fruit yield performance of eggplant genotypes. Stepwise regression showed that three traits of fruit number plant-1, fruit weight and fruit width had the greatest effect on fruit yield plant-1. Path analysis showed that fruit weight and fruit number plant-1 traits had direct effect on fruit yield plant-1. The results of this research can be used to develop breeding populations for selection pure lines in eggplant breeding programs.
 
Keywords: Eggplant, fruit number plant-1, fruit weight, fruit yield plant-1, germplasm.
Introduction
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is the fifth most important vegetable crop in the world. Iran ranks sixth in global eggplant production. Currently, all the commercial hybrid cultivars grown in Iran are imported, and the efforts of Iranian eggplant breeders for development of hybrid cultivars are progressing. The initial step in eggplant breeding involves collecting germplasm and assessing the level of genetic diversity of different traits (Prohens et al., 2005) The objectives of this research were: 1. Assessment of the genetic diversity in eggplant germplasm, 2. Grouping eggplant genotypes and evaluating the relationships between fruit yield related traits, and 3. Selection of superior genotypes to be used for crossing in eggplant breeding programs.
 
Materials and Methods
In this study, 86 different commercial eggplant genotypes were collected from different sources. The seeds of eggplant genotypes were sown in greenhouse using complete randomized block design with three replications under greenhouse conditions at Negin Bazr Danesh Company, Khorasgan Azad University, Isfahan, Iran, in winter 2020. Genotypes fruit yield plant-1 and yield-related traits were measured evaluated. Normality of the data was tested using Minitab 18.1. Analysis of variance as well as mean comparisons were performed, using LSD, using SAS 9.4. Cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and correlation between traits were performed using Minitab 18.1 for grouping genotypes and studying trait relationships. Path analysis was carried out by Path 2 software.
 
Results and Discussion
Fruit yield plant-1, fruit number plant-1 and fruit weight of genotypes varied from 60.3 to 5151 grams, 1.23 to 39 and 14.3 to 387.9 grams, respectively. Analysis of variance of data showed that genotypes had significant differences for all measured traits. Mean comparison revealed that the cv. Sable had the highest fruit yield plant-1 followed by genotypes no. 4, 2 and 5, respectively. Genotypes no. 76, 72, 70, 74 and 66 had the lowest fruit yield plant-1, respectively.
Principal components analysis showed that three independent components explained 63% of the total variation. Cluster analysis using Ward method clustered studied eggplant genotypes in four different groups. These results were consistent with fruit yield performance of eggplant genotypes. Stepwise regression showed that three traits of fruit number plant-1, fruit weight and fruit width had the greatest effect on fruit yield plant-1. Path analysis showed that fruit weight and fruit number plant-1 traits had direct effect on fruit yield plant-1. These results were consistent with fruit yield performance of eggplant genotypes. Stepwise regression showed that three traits of fruit number plant-1, fruit weight and fruit width had the greatest effect on fruit yield plant-1. Path analysis showed that fruit weight and fruit number plant-1 traits had direct effect on fruit yield plant-1.
Kameli et al. (2020) evaluated different eggplant genotypes and grouped them in four groups using cluster analysis. Genotypes in different groups can be used in hybridization programs to incorporate genetic diversity in breeding materials. Uddin et al. (2021) studied 130 local eggplant germplasm to select parents for eggplant breeding program and reported that fruit yield plant-1 significantly correlated with fruit diameter, number of fruits plant-1 and fruit weight. Genetic diversity in Iranian eggplant landraces has been used for selection of pure lines and new cultivars in the national eggplant breeding program of Iran (Bagheri et al., 2014).
 Therefore, it is suggested that the eggplant cultivars in the first and second groups, in the present research, can be used to develop breeding populations for selection pure lines and new cultivars in eggplant breeding programs.
 
References:
Bagheri, M., Keshavarz, S., Zarbakhsh, A.J. and Salmani, K.A. 2014. Selected lines from Iranian eggplant landraces in advanced yield trails. Seed and Plant Journal, 29(1), pp.857-859 (in Persian). DOI: 10.22092/spij.2017.111195
Kameli, A.M., Kiani, G. and Kazemitabar, S.K. 2020. The evaluation of phenotypic diversity in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) genotypes. Journal of Vegetables Sciences, 3(6), pp.31-41. DOI: 10.22034/iuvs.2020.114655.1071
Prohens, J., Blanca, J.M. and Nuez, F. 2005. Morphological and molecular variation in a collection of eggplants from a secondary center of diversity: Implications for conservation and breeding. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 130(1), pp.54-63. DOI: 10.21273/JASHS.130.1.54
Uddin, M.S., Billah M., Afroz R., Rahman, S., Jahan, N., Hossain, M.G., Bagum S.A., Uddin, M.S., Khaldun, A.B.M., Azam, M.G., Hossein, N., Akanada, M.A.L., Alhormani, M., Gaber, A. and Hossein, A. 2021. Evaluation of 130 eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) genotypes for future breeding program based on qualitative and quantitative traits, and various genetic parameters. Horticulturae, 7(10), 376. DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7100376

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Seed and Plant Journal
Volume 39, Issue 3
September 2023
Pages 336-307

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