Estimation of Genetic Variability and Heritability of Morphological Traits and Yield of Advanced Greenhouse Tomato Lines for Selection of Early Yield Parental Lines

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Field and Horticultural Crops Science Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Greenhouse and Controlled Environment Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Plant Protection Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan, Iran.

10.22092/spj.2026.372068.1465

Abstract

In this study, 49 advanced greenhouse tomato lines obtained at the Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center in Gorgan were evaluated to identify and select early yield lines in one-month harvest for being used in the breeding program for development of new early yield hybrid cultivars. The results revealed significant differences between tomato advanced lines for the studied traits, which indicates the existence of genetic diversity among the lines selected from the initial populations. All traits had high broad sense heritability. The highest positive correlation coefficient was observed between fruit yield and fruit number, fruit weight and fruit diameter, and correlation coefficient between total soluble solids and pH was negative. Cluster analysis grouped 49 tomato lines into four groups. Line number 15 from the third group, line 36 from the fourth group, and lines 54 from the first group were identified and selected as parental lines in the tomto breeding program for development of new hybrids for different purposes.
 
Keywords: Tomato, plant length, fruit number, fruit weight, broad sense heritability.
 
 
Introduction
Choosing suitable cultivar, application of proper crop management and appropriate greenhouse systems are essential for successful greenhouse tomato production. In the past two decades, various researches have been conducted for tomato breeding (Hassan et al., 2021). One of the most important factors in increasing the fruit yield and quality of greenhouse tomato is the introduction of new high yielding hybrid cultivars that are adapted with modern technologies and the specific conditions of each region. In this study, 49 advanced greenhouse tomato lines that were obtained at the Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center in Gorgan were evaluated to identify and select early yield lines for being used in the breeding program for the development of new early yield hybrids.
 
Materials and Methods
A total of 49 advanced greenhouse tomato lines were grown in a soil-bed greenhouse at Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center in Gorgan, Iran. Different yield related traits were evaluated and recorded for the studied advanced pure lines during the one-month harvest period (with the aim of selecting early-maturing lines). These traits included: number of marketable fruits, average fruit weight, fruit length and diameter, first inflorescence distance, plant length at the last harvest, leaf number below first cluster, total soluble solids, and juice pH. Data analysis and drawing heat map of correlation coefficients and cluster dendrogram were performed using R 4.4.2 statistical software. Duncan's multiple range test at the 5% probability level was used for mean comparison.
 
Results and Discussion
Analysis of variance showed significant differences between tomato lines for all studied traits at the 1% probability level, which indicates the existence of genetic diversity among studied tomato lines. The heritability of most studied traits was high. The fruit yield, which is a quantitative trait controlled by many genes, had high broad sense heritability. Similar results have been reported for the heritability of fruit yield trait in tomato by other researchers (Daftarian and Golabadi, 2018). Fruit yield plant-1 had positive and highly significant correlation coefficients with fruit number, fruit weight, and fruit diameter. The significant correlation coefficients of fruit yield with fruit number, fruit weight, and fruit diameter in tomato have been reported in othetr studies (Bujarian et al., 2018; Kumari and Sharma, 2013). Cluster analysis was performed based on the standardized means of traits. The result showed that 49 advanced tomato lines were grouped into four groups. Line number 15 from the third group, line number 36 from the fourth group, and lines 54 from the first group were identified and selected as potential as parental lines. These lines can be used in tomato breeding programs for development of new hybrid cultivars for different purposes.
 
References
Bujarian, M., Asadi Gharneh, H.A. and Golabadi. M. 2018. Evaluation of yield relationships, traits related to yield and fruit quality using correlation coefficients and cluster analysis in some tomato lines. Horticultural Science, 9, pp.801-811
(in Persian). DOI: 10.22059/ijhs.2018.240633.1311
Daftarian, F. and Golabadi, M. 2018. Evaluation of fruit yield and quality in some greenhouse tomato genotypes. Journal of Crop Production and Processing, 8(1), pp.113- 126 (in Persian). DOI:‎ 10.29252/jcpp.8.1.113
Hassan, Z., Ul-Allah S., Khan A.A., Shahzad U., Khurshid M., Bakhsh A., Amin H., Jahan M.S., Rehim A. and Manzoor Z. 2021. Phenotypic characterization of exotic tomato germplasm: An excellent breeding resource. PLoS One, 16(6), pp.1-12. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253557
Kumari, S. and Sharma, M.K. 2013. Genetic variability studies in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Vegetable Science, 40, pp.83-86.
 

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Seed and Plant Journal
Volume 41, Issue 1
April 2025
Pages 114-95

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