Effect of Shading Net on Some Fruit Quality Characteristics of Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill. cv. Isfahan) in Storage

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Assistant Professor, Field and Horticultural Crops Science Research Department, Isfahan Agricultutural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Isfahan, Iran.

Abstract

In this research, the role of shading net on some fruit quality characteristics of quince cv. Isfahan was investigated. The experiment was carried out on quince cv. Isfahan grafted on the Hawthorn rootstock in the quince orchard of Fajr Agricultural Company located in Natanz city in Isfahan province, Iran. Trees were about 20 years old. Fruits were harvested 193 days after flowering and were transferred to a cold store with temperature of 0±1°C and relative humidity of 95%. At the harvesting time and five months after harvest, the fruit quality characteristics were examined. The pectin content and total phenol content after five months of storage did not show significant difference between inside and outside of the shading net. However, the TSS (18.35%) and the fruit taste index (6.44) swere higher in the fruits under the shading net after five months of storage. Lower weight loss (6.41%) and browning (1.83%) were observed in the fruits under the shading net after five month storage.
 
Keywords: Quince, weight loss, taste index, phenol, pectin, solar radiation.
 
Introduction
Changing climate has become a major concern in the agricultural industry in the world. In the last 30 years, the temperature has increased by approximately 0.2 °C (Hansen et al., 2006). Environmental factors such as light quality and quantity, canopy and soil temperature, relative humidity and wind speed have been controlled by the shading nets. There are some reports on the effect of shading nets on TSS and TA of fruits (Meena et al., 2016). The shading net decreases TSS in the fruit, because of reduction of light intensity, which plays an important role in the accumulation of TSS in fruits. The reduction of TA under colored nets, especially dark shading nets compared to the control is due mainly to the reduction of photosynthetic active radiation and less accumulation of carbohydrates in the fruit (Retamales et al., 2008). Narjesi (2021) reported higher fruit taste index in pomegranate fruits of trees grown under cover compared to control trees. The main objective of this research was evaluation of effect of shading net and harvest time on some fruit quality characteristics of quince cv. Isfahan in storage..
 
Material and Methods
The experiment was carried out on quince cv. Isfahan grafted on the Hawthorn rootstock in the quince orchard of Fajr Agricultural Company located in Natanz city in Isfahan province, Iran. Trees were about 20 years old. A plot with an area of one thousand square meters was equipped with green shading net system with with 50% shading. A plot was also kept without shading net as control. The experiment was layed out as factorial arrangements in randomized complete block design with three replications. To record weather parameters, two portable data logger were installed under and outside the shading net. Fruits were harvested 193 days after full bloom. The fruits were transferred to a cold store with temperature of 0±1°C and relative humidity of 95%. At the harvest time and five months after harves, some quality characterstics such as fruit weight, length, diameter, firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), pectin, total phenol, titratable acid (TA), taste index, browning, and weight loss percentage were measured and recorded. Analysis of variance was performed based on principles of factorile experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications. Means were compered using LSD test at the 5% probability level.
 
Results and Discussion
At the harvest time, the pectin and total phenol contents in the fruits were 1.72 times higher in fruits produced under shading net than in the fruits harvested outside shading net. Storage duration led to the reduction of pectin and total phenol content in both conditions. After five months of storage, the difference in the pectin and total phenol content between the two conditions decreased and was not significant. The presence of a shading net on the trees, in addition to the delaying flowering time, also delayed the ripening of the fruits.
Storage duration increased the fruit TSS content and taste index in quince
cv. Isfahan, however, this increase was greater in fruits grown under the shading net. At the harvest time, the TSS content in fruits grown outside the shading net was 1.06 times more than in the fruits produced under the shading net. The fruits produced under the shading net showed lower weight loss and browning after five month in storage. Water loss during the storage period leads to decrease in the fruit weight, and the decrease in the fruit weight has negative effect on the appearance and marketability of the fruits. The browning percentage in the fruits outside the shading net was 1.7 times more than the fruits under the shading cover.
The monthly mean temperature and relative humidity was cooler and higher under the shading net. However, the monthly mean radiation intensity of the period under the shading net (11302.77 lux) was less than outside (28881.10 lux). Using shading net in countries with high radiation intensity in mid-day leads to decreases in the radiation intensity, temperature of the leaf surface, stress of dehydration and heat in the trees, evaporation and transpiration, and prolongs the harvesting period.
 
References
Hansen, J., Sato, M., Ruedy, R., Lo, K., Lea, D.W. and Medina-Elizade, M. 2006. Global temperature change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103, pp.14288-14293.
 
 Meena, V.S., Kashyap, P., Nangare, D.D. and Singh, J. 2016. Effect of colored shade nets on yield and quality of pomegranate (Punica granatum) cv. Mridula in semi-arid region of Punjab. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 86, pp.500-505. DOI: 10. 56093 /ijas. v86i4. 57485
 
Narjesi, V. 2021. Effects of different shade netting treatments on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pomegranate fruits cv. Malas-e-Saveh. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 31, pp.275-293. (in Persian). DOI: 10.22034/SAPS.2021.12815
 
 Retamales, J.B., Montecino, J.M., Lobos, G.A. and Rojas, L.A. 2008. Colored shading nets increase yields, profitability of highbush blueberries. Acta Horticulturae, 770, pp.193-197. DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2008.770.22
 
 Paniagua1, C., Pose, S., Morris, V.J., Kirby, A.R., Quesada, M.A. and Mercado, J.A. 2014. Fruit softening and pectin disassembly: an overview of nanostructural pectin modifications assessed by atomic force microscopy. Annals of Botany, 114, pp.1375-1383. DOI: 10. 1093/ aob/mcu149
 

References

Abdollahi, H. 2021. Quince. Pp. 183-246. In: Mandal, D., Wermund, U., Phavaphutanon, L., Cronje, R. (eds.) Temperate fruits: production, processing, and marketing. CRC Press. United States of America.
 
 
Abul-Soud, M.A., Emam, M.S.A. and Abdrabbo, M.A.A. 2014. Intercropping of some Brassica crops with mango trees under different net house color. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 10, pp.70-79.
 
 
Armand, S. 2007. Apple tree and fruit responses to shade netting. M. Sc. Thesis. University of Stellenbosch, Faculty of Agrisciences. Department of Horticulture, South Africa. 136 pp.
 
 
Asghari, M. and Khalili, H. 2014. The effect of Aloe vera gel on polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity, quality properties and shelf life of fruit cherries cultivar "Siah Mashhad". Journal of Horticultural Science, 28, pp.399-406. (in Persian)
 
 
Blakey, R.J., van Rooyen, Z., Kohne, J.S., Malapana, K.C., Mazhawu, E., Tesfay, S.Z. and Savage, M.J. 2016. Growing avocados under shade netting. Progress Report-Year 2, South African Avocado Growers’ Association Yearbook, 39, pp.80-83.
 
 
Castellano, S., Mugnozza, G.S., Russo, G., Briassoulis, D., Mistriotis, A., Hemming, S. and Waaijenberg, D. 2008. Design and use criteria of netting systems for agricultural production in Italy. The Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 3, pp.31-42.
 
 
Etienne, A., Genard, M., Lobit, P., Mbeguie-A- Mbeguie, D. and Bugaud, C. 2013. What controls fleshy fruit acidity? A review of malate and citrate accumulation in fruit cells. Journal of Experimental and Botany, 64, pp.1451-1469. DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert035
 
 
FAO. 2021. World Food and Agriculture. Statistical Yearbook 2021. Publication of Food and Agriculture Organization. Rome Italy. 368 pp. DOI.org/10.4060/cb4477en
 
 
Feng, F., Li, M., Ma, F. and Cheng, L. 2014. Effects of location within the tree canopy on carbohydrates, organic acids, amino acids, and phenolic compounds in the fruit peel and flesh from three apple (Malus× domestica) cultivars. Horticulture Research, 1, 14019. DOI: org/10.1038/hortres.2014.19
 
 
Hansen, J., Sato, M., Ruedy, R., Lo, K., Lea, D.W. and Medina-Elizade, M. 2006. Global temperature change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103, pp.14288-14293.
 
 
Howden, S.M., Soussana, J.F., Tubiello, F.N., Chhetri, N., Dunlop, M. and Meinke, H. 2007. Adapting agriculture to climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104, pp.19691-19696.
 
 
Jifon, J.L. and Syvertsen, J.P. 2003. Moderate shade can increase net gas exchange and reduce photoinhibition in citrus leaves. Tree Physiology, 23, pp.119-127. DOI: 10. 1093 /treephys /23. 2.119
 
 
Khoshghalb, H., Arzani, K., Malakouti, M.J. and Barzegar, M. 2008. Changes of sugars and organic acids contents in two Asian pear cultivars (Pyrus serotina Rehd.) during fruit development and postharvest storage and its effect on fruit shelf life, quality, and internal browning disorder. Journal of Water and Soil Science, 12, pp.193-204. (in Persian)
 
 
Legua, P., Serrano, M., Melgarejo, P., Valero, D., Martinez, J.J., Martinez, R. and Hernindez, F. 2013. Quality parameters, biocompounds, and antioxidant activity in fruits of nine quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) accessions. Scientia Horticulturae, 154, pp.61-65. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2013.02.017
 
 
Lemoine, M.L., Civello, P.M., Martınez, G.A. and Chaves, A.R. 2007. Influence of postharvest UV-C treatment on refrigerated storage of minimally processed broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 87, pp.1132-1139. DOI: org/10.1002/jsfa.2826
 
 
Mahmood, A., Hu, Y., Tanny, J. and Asante, E.A. 2018. Effects of shading and insect-proof screens on crop microclimate and production: a review of recent advances. Scientia Horticulture, 241, pp.241-251. DOI:org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.06.078
 
 
Maniei, A. 1995. Planting to harvest pear and quince. Technical publication Iran. 113 pp. (in Persian)
 
 
Mditshwaa, A., Magwazaa, L.S. and Tesfaya, S.Z. 2019. Shade netting on subtropical fruit: Effect on environmental conditions, tree physiology and fruit quality. Scientia Horticulturae, 256, pp.108-121. DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108556
 
 
Meena, V.S., Kashyap, P., Nangare, D.D. and Singh, J. 2016. Effect of colored shade nets on yield and quality of pomegranate (Punica granatum) cv. Mridula in semi-arid region of Punjab. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 86, pp.500-505. DOI: 10. 56093 /ijas. v86i4. 57485
 
 
Narjesi, V. 2021. Effects of different shade netting treatments on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pomegranate fruits cv. Malas-e-Saveh. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 31, pp.275-293. (in Persian). DOI: 10.22034/SAPS.2021.12815
 
 
Narvez, B., Letard, M., Graselly, D. and Jost, M. 1999. Les criteres de qualite de la tomate. Infos-Ctifl, 155, pp.41-47.
 
 
Paniagua1, C., Pose, S., Morris, V.J., Kirby, A.R., Quesada, M.A. and Mercado, J.A. 2014. Fruit softening and pectin disassembly: an overview of nanostructural pectin modifications assessed by atomic force microscopy. Annals of Botany, 114, pp.1375-1383. DOI: 10. 1093/ aob/mcu149
 
 
Rahemi, M. 2005. Post-harvest physiology, introduction on fruit, vegetable and ornamental plants postharvest transfering. Shiraz University Publication, 437 pp. (in Persian)
 
 
Retamales, J.B., Montecino, J.M., Lobos, G.A. and Rojas, L.A. 2008. Colored shading nets increase yields, profitability of highbush blueberries. Acta Horticulturae, 770, pp.193-197. DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2008.770.22
 
 
Seelay, E.J., Micke, W.C. and Kammereck, R. 1980. Delicious apple fruit size and quality as influenced by radiant flux density in the immediate growing environment. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science, 105, pp.645-660.
 
 
Shokri Heydari, H., Askari Sarcheshmeh, M.A., Babalar, M., Ranjbar Malidarreh, T. and Ahmadi, A. 2020. Effect of pre-harvest salicylic acid and iron treatments on postharvest quality of peach fruits. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 7, pp.187-198. DOI: 10.22059/ijhst.2020.229309.183
 
 
Singleton, V.L. and Rossi, J.A. 1965. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phospho- molybdic-phospho- tungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16, pp.144-158.
 
 
Tatari, M. 2023. Postharvest quality of new quince cultivar and promising genotype (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) in response to harvesting time and length of the cold storage period. Journal of Horticulture and Postharvest Research, 6, pp.1-14. DOI:org/10.22077/jhpr.2022.4875.1254
 
 
Tatari, M. and Mousavi, A. 2017. Impact of harvesting time and length of cold storage period on physiological and quality traits of four quince genotypes (Cydonia oblonga Mill.). Journal of Horticultural Research, 25, pp.67-79. DOI:10.1515/johr-2017-0008
 
 
Thakur, B.R., Singh, R.K. and Nelson, P.E. 1996. Quality Attributes of processed tomato Products. Food Reviews International, 3, pp.357-401.
 
 
Tinyane, P.P., Soundy, P. and Sivakumar, D. 2018. Growing ‘Hass’ avocado fruit under different coloured shade netting improves the marketable yield and affects fruit ripening. Scientia Horticulture, 230, pp.43-49. DOI:org/10.1016/j.scienta.2017.11.020
 
 
Tomaino, A., Martorana, M., Arcoraci, T., Monteleone, D., Giovinazzo, C. and Saija, A. 2010. Antioxidant activity and phenolic profile of pistachio (Pistacia vera L., variety Bronte) seeds and skins. Biochimiestry, 92, pp.1115-1122. DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.03.027
 
 
Treder, W., Mika, A., Buler, Z. and Klamkowski, K. 2016. Effects of hail nets on orchard light microclimate, apple tree growth, fruiting and fruit quality. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus, 15(3), pp.17-27.
 
 
Wachsmann, Y., Zur, N., Shahak, Y., Ratner, K., Giler, Y., Schlizerman, L., Sadka, A., Cohen, S., Garbinshikof, V., Giladi, B. and Faintzak, M. 2014. Photoselective anti-hail netting for improved citrus productivity and quality. Acta Horticulturae, 1015, pp.169-176. DOI:org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2014.1015.19
 
 
Yazici, K. and Kaynak, L. 2009. Effects of air temperature, relative humidity and solar radiation on fruit surface temperatures and sunburn damage in pomegranate (Punica granatum L. cv. Hicaznar). Acta Horticulturae, 818, pp.181-186. DOI: 10. 17660/ ActaHortic.2009.818.26
 
 
Zhou, K., Jerszurki, D., Sadka, A., Shlizerman, L., Rachmilevitch, S. and Ephrath, J. 2018. Effects of photoselective netting on root growth and development of young grafted orange trees under semi-arid climate. Scientia Horticulture, 238, pp.272-280. DOI:org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.04.054
Seed and Plant Journal
Volume 39, Issue 3
September 2023
Pages 357-337

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics