Preliminary Evaluation of Different Pear Species (Pyrus spp.) Based on Distinctive Characteristics of Seed, Fruit and Early Growth of Seedlings

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modres University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.

Abstract

The plateau of Iran has very high diversity of different species of the genus Pyrus that has not been evaluated at the species level and used in the national pear breeding programs. The present research was carried out with the aim of evaluating the variation in fruit, seed and the initial seedling growth characteristics of 10 native pear species and comparing them with three East Asian pear species during 2021-2022. The results showed that P. salicifolia and P. hyrcana species had the highest and lowest seed thickness that could be used to distinguish these species. The highest (226.5 g) and lowest (0.67 g) fruit weight was observed in the two Asian pear species, P. bretschneideri and P. betulifolia. The evaluation of the seedlings of pear species showed that the highest seedling height, stem diameter, number of internodes, number of leaves, number of leaflets and petiole length belonged to the seedlings of P. communis cv. Dargazi, and the lowest related to P. pashia. Cluster analysis based on morphological and pomological characteristics grouped pear species in two groups. The first group included P. communis cv. Dargazi and P. bretschneideri that were very similar for pomological characteristics. Considering the importance of breeding for devlepment of dwarf rootstocks, it is necessary to study the dwarf pear species especially P. pashia in future and for longer period.

Keywords

References

Abdollahi, H. 2010. Pear: botany, cultivars and rootstocks. Ministry of Agriculture, Tehran, Iran. 210 pp. (in Persian).
 
 
Abdollahi, H. 2013. One decade challenges for selection and breeding of superior pear (Pyrus communis) and quince (Cydonia oblonga) cultivars in Iran. pp. 20-27. In: Proceedings of the 8th Iranian Horticultural Science Congress. Hamadan, Iran (in Persian).
 
 
Abdollahi, H., and Tahzibi Hagh, F. 2019. Evaluation of vegetative and reproductive characteristics of some introductions of European pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars using morphological markers. Seed and Plant Journal 34: 395-421. (in Persian).
 
 
Alizadeh, K., Fatholahi, S., and Teixeira da Silva, J. A. 2015. Variation in the fruit characteristics of local pear (Pyrus spp.) in the northwest of Iran. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 62: 635-641.
 
 
Amiri, R., Vahdati, K., Mohsenipoor, S., Mozaffari, M. R., and Leslie, C. 2010. Correlations between some horticultural traits in walnut. HortScience 45:1690-1694.
 
 
Arzani, K. 2003. Approach on importance, protection, maintenance, breeding and management of Iranian traditional orchards. pp. 1-5. In: The Proceddings of the First Conference of the Iranian Traditional Orchards. Qazvin, Iran. (in Persian).
 
 
Arzani, K. 2017. The potential and limiting environmental conditions on fruit trees germplasm and yield of established orchards in Iran. pp. 110. In: Proceedings of First International Horticultural Science Conference of Iran. September 4-7. Tarbiat Modares University. Tehran, Iran.
 
 
Baharvandi, S., Alvaninejad, S., and Zolfaghari, R. 2017. Evaluation of morphological diversity of leaf and fruit in natural populations of Pyrus glabra Boiss. in southern Zagros forests. Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research 25: 172-185 (in Persian).
 
 
Bashiri, H., Cheghamirza, K., Arji, I., and Mahmodi, N. 2017. Assessing genetic diversity of Pyrus spp. in the central Zagros Mountains based on morphological characters. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 64: 391-404.
 
 
Bell, R. L. 1991. Pears (Pyrus). Acta Horticulturae 290: 657-700.
 
 
Dong, X., Wang, Z., Tian, L., Zhang, Y., Qi, D., Huo, H., Xu, J., Li, Z., Liao, R., Shi, M., Wahocho, S.A., Liu, C., Zhang, S., Tian, Z., and Cao, Y. 2020. De novo assembly of a wild pear (Pyrus betuleafolia) genome. Plant Biotechnology Journal 18: 581-595.
 
 
Elshihy, O. M., Sharaf, A. N., and Muzher, B. M. 2004. Morphological, anatomical and biochemical characterization of Syrian pear (Pyrus syriaca Boiss.) genotypes. Arab Journal of Biotechnology 7: 209-2018.
 
 
Erfani, J., Abdollahi, H., and Fattahi Moghadam, M. R. 2014. Evaluation of genetic diversity of some pear genotypes and species using morphological traits. Iranian Horticultural Sciences Journal 1: 11-21 (in Persian).
 
 
FAO. 2020. World Food and Agriculture-Statistical Yearbook. Food and Agriculture Organization Publication. Rome, Italy. 352 pp.
 
 
Fotirić-Aksić, M., Cerović, R., Radosevic, R., Oparnica, C., and Meland, M. 2021. Morphological and anatomical leaf characteristics of some European and Asian pear cultivars. pp. 63-70. In: 13th International Pear Symposium. Montevideo, Uruguay.
 
 
Heidari, P., Rezaei, M., Sahebi, M., and Khadivi, A. 2019. Phenotypic variability of Pyrus boissieriana Buhse: implications for conservation and breeding. Scientia Horticulturae 247: 1–8.
 
 
Khadivi, A., Mirheidari, F., Moradi, Y., and Paryan, S. 2020. Morphological and pomological characterizations of Pyrus syriaca Boiss. germplasm. Scientia Horticulturae 271: 109-118.
 
 
Khoshghalb, H. 2001. Study on early growth, performance and survival of Asian pear cultivars (Pyrus serotina Rehd) on European Pear (Pyrus communis L.) seedling rootstock under environmental condition. M. Sc. Thesis, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. (in Persian). 156 pp.
 
 
Rahmati, M., Arzani, K., and Yadollahi, A. 2015. Variation in some European pear (Pyrus communis L.) seedling rootstock populations using morphological characteristics. Seed and Plant Journal 31: 391-397 (in Persian).
 
 
Rana, J. C., Chahota, R. K., Sharma, V., Rana, M., Verma, N., Verma, B. and Sharma, T. R., 2014. Genetic diversity and structure of Pyrus accessions of Indian Himalayan region based on morphological and SSR markers. Tree Genetics and Genomes 11: 821. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-014-0821-2.
 
 
Rezaei, A., Arzani, K., and Sarikhani, S. 2020. Morphological evaluation and identification of walnut (Juglans regia L.) superior genotypes in north Hamadan province of Iran. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science 51: 441-457 (in Persian). DOI: 10.22059/ijhs.2019.277210.1609.
 
 
Sadeghi, L., Abdullahi, H., and Fakhraei Lahiji, M. 2008. National guideline for tests of distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) of pear. Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Research Institute Publication. Karaj, Iran. (in Persian). 37 pp.
 
 
Sarikhani-Khorami, S., Arzani, K., Karimzadeh, G., Shojaeiyan, A., and Ligterink, W. 2018. Genome size: A novel predictor of nut weight and nut size of walnut trees. HortScience 53: 275-282.
 
 
Sharifani, M., Hasani, S., Ahmadi, M., and Shah Mohammadi, H. 2005. Evaluation of reproductive traits, morphologic and genetic diversity in Iranian wild pear cultivar. pp. 19. In: Proceedings of the 4th Iranian Horticultural Sciences Congress. Mashhad University, Mashhad, Iran. (in Persian).
 
 
Tahzibihagh, F., Abdollahi, H., Ghasemi, A., and Fathi, D. 2012. Vegetative and reproductive traits of some Iranian native pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars in climatic conditions of Karaj. Seed Plant Improvement Journal 27: 37-55 (in Persian).
 
 
Tatari, M., Ghasemi, A., and Mousavi, A. 2020. Diversity of local and wild pear germplasm in central regions of Iran. International Journal of Fruit Science 20: S432-S447.
 
 
Wertheim, S. J. 2000. Rootstocks for European pear. pp. 87. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Pear. Bologna, Italy.
 
 
Westwood, M. N., and Bjornstad, H. O. 1971. Some fruit characteristics of interspecific hybrids and extent of self-sterility in Pyrus. Bulletin of Torrey Botany Club 98: 22-24.
 
 
Zamani, A., Attar, F., and Maroofi, H. 2012. A synopsis of the genus Pyrus (Rosaceae) in Iran. Nordic Journal of Botany 30: 310-332. Zohary, D. 1997. Wild apples and wild pears. Bocconea 7: 409-416.
 
 
 
Seed and Plant Journal
Volume 38, Issue 4
January 2022
Pages 385-408

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics