Enzymatic Anti-oxidative Mechanisms in Some Seedling and Clonal Commercial Pear Rootstocks in Response to Deficit Irrigation Stress

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.

Abstract

Tolerance to deficit irrigation and related mechanisms are very important characteristics of seedling and clonal pear rootstocks for successful commercialization. In this study, seedling rootstocks, Dargazi and Pyrus betulifolia Bunge, and clonal Pyrodwarf, OH×F69 and OH×F87 rootstocks for tolerance to deficit irrigation as well as enzymatic anti-oxidative mechanisms in response to the stress was evaluated under greenhouse conditions at temperate fruits research center, Horticultural Science Research Institute, Karaj, Iran, in 2018. The deficit irrigation stress applied at three levels: control, mild and severe by irrigation at 100, 75 and 50 percent of field capacity (FC), in greenhouse during 60 days. Rootstock heights, generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), electrolyte leakage and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (POX) were assessed at 30 and 60 days following the application of deficit irrigation stress. The results showed that Pyrodwarf rootstock had greater tolerance to deficit irrigation stress, even at 50% FC. The generation of H2O2 was between 23.7 μM g-1 of fresh weight in OH×F87 and 32.5 in P. betulifolia Bunge. However, as the deficit irrigation stress severity and duration increased, the H2O2 level enhanced to its maximum of 81.3 μM g-1 of fresh weight, and was highly correlated (r = 0.734**) with electrolyte leakage. In addition, the calculated correlation coefficients confirmed the order of increase in the activity of SOD and then CAT in response to the increase in the intensity of deficit irrigation stress. Based on the results of this study, tolerance mechanisms to deficit irrigation stress in pear rootstocks is partly attained by converting superoxide into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), followed by preventing its accumulation.

Keywords


Abdollahi, H. 2010. Pear: Botany, cultivars and rootstocks. Iranian Agricultural Ministry Publications. Tehran, Iran. 210 pp. (in Persian).
 
Abdollahi, H., and Salehi, Z. 2018. Histology of oxidative stress and generation of reactive oxygen species against progress of fire blight causal agent in pear cultivars. Seed and Plant Production Journal 33: 139-162 (in Persian).
 
Abdollahi, H., Ghahremani, Z., and Erfani Nia, K. 2015. Role of electron transport chain of chloroplasts in oxidative burst of interaction between Erwinia amylovora and host cells. Photosynthesis Research 124: 231-242.
 
Abdollahi, H., Ghasemi, A., and Mehrabi Pour, S. 2008. Evaluation of fire blight resistance in some quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) genotypes. II. Resistance of genotypes to the disease. Seed and Plant 24: 529-541 (in Persian).
 
Abdollahi, H., Muleo, R., and Rugini, E. 2005. Study of basal growth media, growth regulators and pectin effects on micropropagation of pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars. Seed and Plant Journal 21: 373-384 (in Persian).
 
Aebi, H. 1984. Catalase in vitro. Methods in Enzymology 105: 121-126. Alexieva, V., Sergiev, I., Mapelli, S., and Karanov, E. 2001. The effect of drought and ultraviolet radiation on growth and stress markers in pea and wheat. Plant, Cell and Environment 24: 1337- 1344.
 
Alscher, R. G., Erturk, N., and Heath, L. S. 2002. Role of superoxide dismutases in controlling oxidative stress in plants. Journal of Experimental Botany 53: 1331-1341.
 
Azarabadi, S., Abdollahi, H., Torabi, M., Salehi, Z., and Nasiri, J. 2017. ROS generation, oxidative burst and dynamic expression profiles of ROS-scavenging enzymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in response to Erwinia amylovora in pear (Pyrus communis L). European Journal of Plant Pathology 147: 279-294.
 
Beauchamp, C., and Fridovich, I. 1971. Superoxide dismutase: improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Analytical Biochemistry 44: 276-287.
 
Bell, R. L. 1991. Pears (Pyrus). Acta Horticulturae 290: 657-700.
 
Bhattacharjee, S. 2011. Sites of generation and physicochemical basis of formation of reactive oxygen species in plant cell. pp. 1-30. In: Dutta Gupta, S. (ed.) Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants in Higher Plants. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL.
 
Bhattacharjee, S., and Mukherjee. A. K. 2001. Abiotic stress induced membrane damage in plants: A free radical phenomenon. pp. 16–36. In: Pandey, S. K. (ed.) Advances of stress physiology of plants. Scientific Publisher, India.
 
Esmaeili, A., Abdollahi, H., Bazgir, M., and Abdossi, V. 2019. Effect of lime concentration on pear's rootstock/scion combinations. Horticultural Science 46: 123-131. FAO. 2018. World food and agriculture-statistical yearbook. Food and Agriculture Organization Publication. Rome, Italy. 254 pp.
 
Hassani, M., Salami, S. A., Nasiri, J., Abdollahi, H., and Ghahremani, Z. 2016. Phylogenetic analysis of PR genes in some pome fruit species with the emphasis on transcriptional analysis and ROS response under Erwinia amylovora inoculation in apple. Genetica 144: 9-22.
 
Henzler, T., and Steudle, E., 2004, Oxidative gating of water channels (aquaporins) in Chara by hydroxyl radicals. Plant Cell and Environment 27: 1184-1195.
 
Herzog, V., and Fahimi, H. D. 1973. A new sensitive colorimetric assay for peroxidase using 3, 3'-diaminobenzidine as hydrogen donor. Analytical Biochemistry 55: 554-62.
 
Li, K. Q., Xu, Z. Y., and Huang, X. S. 2016. Identification of differentially expressed genes related to dehydration resistance in a highly drought-tolerant pear, Pyrus betulaefolia, as through RNA-Seq. PLOS One 11 (2): e0149352. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149352.
 
Lombard, P. B., Westwood, M. N. 1987. Pear rootstocks. pp. 145-183. In: Rom R. C., and Carlson, R. F. (eds.) Rootstocks for fruit crops. Wiley. New York.
 
Maleki Asayesh, Z., Arzani, K., Mokhtassi-Bidgoli, A., and Abdollahi, H. 2022. Physiological and gas exchange response of Dargazi seedling and Pyrodwarf clonal pear (Pyrus communis) rootstocks to drought stress. (Under review-unpublished data).
 
Maleki, R., Abdollahi, H., and Piri, S. 2022. Variation of active iron and ferritin content in pear cultivars with different levels of pathogen resistance following inoculation with Erwinia amylovora. Journal of Plant Pathology 104: 281-293.
 
Mansouryar, M., Erfani-Moghadam, J., Abdollahi, H., and Salami, S. A. 2016. Optimization of in vitro micropropagation protocol for some vigorous rootstocks of pear. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science 47: 361-370 (in Persian).
 
Nakano, Y., and Asada, K. 1981. Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant and Cell Physiology 22: 867-880.
 
Niu, T., Zhang, T., Qiao, Y., Wen, P., Zhai, G., Liu, E., Al-Bakre, D. A., Al-Harbi, M. S., Gao, X., and Yang, X. 2021. Glycinebetaine mitigates drought stress-induced oxidative damage in pears. PLoS One. 16: e0251389. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251389 pmid: 34793480.
 
Tamura, F. 2012. Recent advances in research on Japanese pear rootstocks. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science 81: 1-10.
 
Tukey, H. B. 1964. Dwarfed fruit trees. Cornell University Press. Ithaca, USA. 562 pp.
 
Wang, H., Wang, Z., Zhang, M., Jia, B., Heng, W., Ye, Z., Zhu, L., and Xu, X. 2018. Transcriptome sequencing analysis of two different genotypes of Asian pear reveals potential drought stress genes. Tree Genetics and Genomes 14: 1-15.
 
Westwood, M. N. 1993. Temperate zone pomology: Physiology and culture. Timber Press. Portland, Oregon. 523 pp.
 
Zohouri, M., Abdollahi, H., Arji, I., and Abdossi, V. 2020. Variations in growth and photosynthetic parameters of some clonal semi-dwarfing and vigorous seedling pear (Pyrus spp.) rootstocks in response to deficit irrigation. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum, Hortorum Cultus 19 (2): 105-121.