Morphological, Phenological and Pomological Characteristics of Some Promising Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) Genotypes in Dezful in Iran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Safiabad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Dezful, Iran.

2 Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan, Iran.

Abstract

To select the high yielding and adapted pecan genotypes for Dezful climatic conditions in Iran, 50 seedling trees were evaluated in 2019-2021 in Dezful in southwest of Iran. The results showed that P200-7 and P200-8 genotypes had the largest and smallest nuts with 14.3 and 4.2 grams, respectively. P220-2-1 genotype had the highest and P200-9, and P220-2-5 genotypes had the lowest percentage of blank nuts. Kernel removal was easy in P200-1 and P200-10 genotypes, while it was very difficult in P200-3 and P200-31 genotypes. Fruit ripening time was the earliest in P200-1 and P220-2-5 genotypes and the latest in P200-23. P200-23, P220-1-1 and P200-9 genotypes had the highest yield index with 65, 49 and 39 g cm-2 of tree trunk, respectively. The results of evaluation for heat stress tolerance in pecan genotypes showed that 40 to 70% of the branches of all genotypes were damaged by hot temperatures in the summer of 2021 with 430 hours of temperatures above 45 oC, while the branches of P200- 23 genotype were not damaged. In addition, the results indicated that heat stress damage had significant correlation with yield index (r = 0.311*) and kernel color (r = 0.323*). There was highly significant (r = -0.597**) correlation between shell thickness and kernel removal. The relationship between mean fruit weight and nut length (r = 0.386**) and nut width (r = 0.440**) were also highly significant. Factor analysis showed that nut length, shell thickness, blank nuts percentage, nut weight, yield index and heat stress damage accounted for 67% of the total variance. Finally, P200-23 genotype with high yield index, golden bright kernel color and very high heat stress tolerance, and P220-1-1 genotype with high yield and low percentage of blank nuts were identified as promising genotypes for future supplemental research.

Keywords

References

Ajamgard, F. 2022. Selection of pecan cultivars aiming to release vigorous and heat stress tolerant rootstocks. Journal of Nuts 13 (1): 57-70.
 
Ajamgard, F., Rahemi, M., and Hasani, D. 2013. Introduce of pecan (Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch) for Khuzestan province. Research Achievements for Field and Horticulture Crops 2 (2): 129-142 (in Persian).
 
Ajamgard, F., Rahemi, M., and Vahdati, K. 2017. Determining the pollinizer for pecan cultivars. Journal of Nuts 8 (1): 41-48.
 
Conner, P. J., and Worley, R. E. 2000. Alternate bearing intensity of pecan cultivars. HortScience 35 (6): 1067-1069.
 
Conner, P. J., and Worley, R. E. 2002. Performance of 15 pecan cultivars and selections over 20 years in southern Georgia. HortTechnology 12 (2): 274-281.
 
Elarabi, N., and Elsoda, A. 2017. Molecular evaluation of genetic diversity among seven genotypes of pecan (Carya Illinoinensis). Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Biotechnology 8 (2): 27-33.
 
Florkoski, W. J., Croker, T. F., and Humphries, G. 1999. Commercial pecan tree inventory, Georgia 1997. The University of Georgia College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Experimental Stations. Research Report No. 678.Athens, Georgia.
 
Ghazaeian, M. 2014. Vegetative and reproductive characteristics of some pecan (Carya Illinoinensis) genotypes in Golestan province, Iran. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 30 (1): 191-206 (in Persian).
 
Graham, C. J. 2015. Native pecan germplasm in Louisiana. Acta Horticulturae 1070: 133-136.
 
Grauke, L. J., Thompson, T. E., and Marquard, R. D. 1995. Evaluation of pecan germplasm collections and designation of a preliminary core subset. HortScience 30 (5): 950-954.
 
Pearce, S. C., and Doberšek-Urbanc, S. 1967. The measurement of irregularity in growth and cropping. Journal of Horticultural Science 42 (3): 295-305.
 
Sparks, D. 1997. A climatic model for predicting Georgia’s pecan production. Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science 122 (5): 648-652.
 
Sparks, D. 1997. 'Desirable' pecan. Fruit Varieties Journal 12 (2): 13-15.
 
Sparks, D. 2000. Pecan in warm climate. pp. 381-403. In: Erez, A. (ed.) Temperate Fruit Crops in Warm Climates. Springer, The Netherlands.
 
Thompson, T. E., and Grauke, L. J. 2000. 'Pawnee' pecan. Journal of American Pomological Society 54 (3): 110-113.
 
Tommy, E., Thompson, T. E., and Grauke L. 1996. Standards using the Munsell color notation system. Journal of American Society for Horticulture Science 121 (3): 548–553.
 
 
Seed and Plant Journal
Volume 38, Issue 1
April 2022
Pages 33-52

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics