Flowering Phenology and Self-(in)compatibility Status of Some Apricot Genotypes Developed from Crossing Self-incompatible and Self-compatible Cultivars

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Horticulture, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.

2 Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.

3 Department of Nanotechnology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.

Abstract

Apricot is one of the most economically important fruit trees in temperate regions of Iran and in the world. However, it usually produces low fruit yield, due to its self-incompatibility. In this study, self-incompatibility status and flowering phenological characteristics of 19 five-years-old apricot genotypes, developed from open-pollination of Iranian commercial apricot cultivars; Shahroudi and Shams as female parents, and Italian cultivars; San Castrese, Palumella, Vitillo and Cafona as male parents, were evaluated. Timing of blooming, blooming duration, pollen germination (%), fruit set (%), timing of fruit ripening and some other traits were evaluated and recorded. The results showed that apricot genotypes were significantly different for timing of flowering, pollen germination (%), fruit formation (%) and timing of fruit ripening. Mean comparison showed that the highest pollen germination (%) belonged to genotype 525 (69%) and the lowest to genotype 579 (5.2%). Evaluation of data from controlled pollination and fluorescent microscopy study showed that 13 genotypes 431, 446, 432, 446, 451, 526, 546, 557, 565, 570, 576, 579 and 585 could be considered as self-compatible genotypes. Correlation coefficients showed that there was negative and highly significant relationship (r = -0.63**) in first year and (r = -0.48**) in second year, between timing of flowering and fruit ripening. Also correlation coefficient between pollen germination (%) and initial fruit set (%) was positive and highly significant (r = 0.97**). The results of this study implied that self-compatibility is easily transferred from parents to progenies, and the two identified late flowering genotypes can be used in apricot breeding programs.

Keywords

References

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Seed and Plant Journal
Volume 37, Issue 4
November 2022
Pages 513-530

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