Macronutrients Uptake and Nitrogen Utlization Efficiency in Dargazi Seedling and Pyrodwarf Clonal Pear Rootstocks Under Drought Stress Conditions

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Horticultural Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Department of Agronomy, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.

Abstract

Using clonal rootstocks in modern temperate fruit orchards has expanded in recent years. Root system plays an important role in uptake of nutrients particularly under drought-stress conditions. Therefore, the present research was conducted to investigate the uptake and utilization efficiency of macronutrients in two commercial pear rootstocks (Dargazi seedling and Pyrodwarf clonal rootstocks) under drought stress conditions during 2019-21 in greenhouse and laboratories of department of horticultural science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. The irrigation treatments were: control (100% FC), mild drought stress (60% FC), and severe drought stress (30% FC). The results showed that drought stress had different effects on the growth characteristics, uptake of nutrients in leaves and roots as well as traits related to nitrogen utilization efficiency of both pear rootstocks. In addition, decrease in nitrate reductase activity led to reduction in nitrate and ammonium content in the leaves of both rootstocks. The Pyrodwarf clonal rootstock under mild stress conditions had the highest root calcium content, total nitrogen accumulation, and nitrogen utilization efficiency which reflected in its better performance as compared to the Dargazi seedling rootstock. In contrast, the higher root: shoot ratio, root volume, root ammonium content, leaf calcium content, leaf nitrogen content, nitrogen efficiency ratio and nitrogen utilization efficiency in Dargazi seedling rootstock contributed to its better response to drought stress, particularly in severe stress conditions. These better responses could be attributed to differences in root systems in the two pear rootstocks which should be considered for selecting suitable rootstocks for establishment and management of pear orchards under drought stress conditions.

Keywords

References

Abenavoli, M. R., Longo, C., Lupini, A., Miller, A. J., Araniti, F., Mercati, F., Princi, M. P., and Sunseri, F. 2016. Phenotyping two tomato genotypes with different nitrogen use efficiency. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 107: 21-32.
 
Ahanger, M. A., Morad‐Talab, N., Abd‐Allah, E. F., Ahmad, P., and Hajiboland, R. 2016. Plant growth under drought stress: Significance of mineral nutrients. pp. 649-668. In: Ahmed, P. (ed.) Water stress and crop plants: a sustainable approach.
 
Andrews, M., Raven, J., Lea, P. 2013. Do plants need nitrate? The mechanisms by which nitrogen form affects plants. Annals of Applied Biology 163: 174-199.
 
Arzani, K. 2021. The National Asian pear (Pyrus serotina Rehd) project in Iran: compatibility and commercial studies of introduced cultivars. Acta Horticulture 1315: 91-98.
 
Bagh, K., Hiraoki, T., Thorpe, T. A., and Vogel, H. J. 2004. Nitrogen-15 NMR studies of nitrogen metabolism in Picea glauca buds. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 42: 803-809.
 
Berdeja, M., Nicolas, P., Kappel, C., Dai, Z. W., Hilbert, G., Peccoux, A., Lafontaine, M., Ollat, N., Gomes, E., and Delrot, S. 2015. Water limitation and rootstock genotype interact to alter grape berry metabolism through transcriptome reprogramming. Horticulture Research 2: 1-13.
 
Black, B. L., Fuchigami, L. H., and Coleman, G. D. 2002. Partitioning of nitrate assimilation among leaves, stems, and roots of poplar. Tree Physiology 22: 717-724.
 
Blanke, M. M., and Lenz, F., 1989. Fruit photosynthesis. Plant, Cell and Environment 12: 31-46.
 
Bolat, I., Dikilitas, M., Ikinci, A., Ercisli, S., and Tonkaz, T. 2016. Morphological, physiological, biochemical characteristics and bud success responses of myrobolan 29 c plum rootstock subjected to water stress. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 96: 485-493.
 
Bosa, K., Jadczuk-Tobjasz, E., Kalaji, M., Majewska, M., and Allakhverdiev, S. 2014. Evaluating the effect of rootstocks and potassium level on photosynthetic productivity and yield of pear trees. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 61: 231-237.
 
Brautigam, A., Gagneul, D., and Weber, A. P. 2007. High-throughput colorimetric method for the parallel assay of glyoxylic acid and ammonium in a single extract. Analytical Biochemistry 362: 151-153.
 
Bright, J. 2005. Apple and pear nutrition. New South Wales Department of Primary Industries. Australia. Primefact 85: 1-12.
 
da Silva, E. C., Nogueira, R., da Silva, M. A., and de Albuquerque, M. B. 2011. Drought stress and plant nutrition. Plant stress 5: 32-41.
 
Dodd, I., Tan, L., and He, J. 2003. Do increases in xylem sap pH and/or ABA concentration mediate stomatal closure following nitrate deprivation? Journal of Experimental Botany 54: 1281-1288.
 
Esmaeili, A., Abdollahi, H., Bazgir, M., and Abdossi, V. 2021. Growth and nutrients uptake in commercial pear cultivars on seedling, Pyrodwarf® and OH × F69 Rootstocks. Seed and Plant Journal 36 (4): 403-420 (in Persian).
 
Farooq, M., Wahid, A., Kobayashi, N., Fujita, D., and Basra, S. 2009. Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms, and management. Agronomy for Sustainable Agriculture 9: 185-212.
 
Garg, B.K., Burman, U., and Kathju, S. 2004. The influence of phosphorus nutrition on the physiological response of moth bean genotypes to drought. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 167: 503-508.
 
Hu, Y., Burucs, Z., von Tucher, S., and Schmidhalter, U. 2007. Short-term effects of drought and salinity on mineral nutrient distribution along growing leaves of maize seedlings. Environmental and Experimental Botany 60: 268-275.
 
Huang, L., Li, M., Shao, Y., Sun, T., Li, C., and Ma, F. 2018a. Ammonium uptake increases in response to PEG-induced drought stress in Malus hupehensis Rehd. Environmental and Experimental Botany 151: 32-42.
 
Huang, L., Li, M., Zhou, K., Sun, T., Hu, L., Li, C., and Ma, F. 2018b. Uptake and metabolism of ammonium and nitrate in response to drought stress in Malus prunifolia. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 127: 185-193.
 
Huang, X., Li, K., Xu, X., Yao, Z., Jin, C., and Zhang, S. 2015. Genome-wide analysis of WRKY transcription factors in white pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) reveals evolution and patterns under drought stress. BMC Genomics 16: 1-14.
 
Ibacache, A., Verdugo-Vasquez, N., and Zurita-Silva, A. 2020. Rootstock: scion combinations and nutrient uptake in grapevines. pp. 297-316. In: Srivastava, A. K., and Chengxiao, H. (eds.) Fruit crops: Diagnosis and management of nutrient constraints.
 
Ikinci, A., Bolat, I., Ercisli, S., and Kodad, O. 2014. Influence of rootstocks on growth, yield, fruit quality and leaf mineral element contents of pear cv. 'Santa Maria' in semi-arid conditions. Biological Research 47: 1-8.
 
Iqbal, A., Dong, Q., Wang, X., Gui, H., Zhang, H., Zhang, X., and Song, M. 2020. High nitrogen enhance drought tolerance in cotton through antioxidant enzymatic activities, nitrogen metabolism, and osmotic adjustment.
 
Plants 9: 178. DOI: 10.3390/plants9020178 Jacbos, J., and Cook, N. 2003. The effect of rootstock cultivar on the yield and fruit quality of' Packham's Triumph', 'Doyenne du Cornice', 'Forelle', 'Flamingo' and 'Rosemarie' pears. South African Journal of Plant and Soil 20 (1): 25-30.
 
Jafari, M., Rahemi, M., and Haghighi, A. A. K. 2018. Role of fig rootstock on changes of water status and nutrient concentrations in ‘Sabz’cultivar under drought stress condition. Scientia Horticulturae 230: 56-61.
 
Karbasi, M., and Arzani, K. 2018. Scion/rootstock interactions of some European (Pyrus communis L.) and Asian pear (Pyrus serotina Rehd) cultivars on vegetatively propagated `Pyrodwarf’ rootstock. Seed and Plant Production Journal 34 (2): 191-205 (in Persian).
 
Li, S.-X., Wang, Z.-H., and Stewart, B. 2013. Responses of crop plants to ammonium and nitrate N. Advances in Agronomy 118: 205-397.
 
Liu, L., Peng, F., and Wang, X. 2010. Effects of bag-controlled release fertilizer on nitrogen utilization rate, growth and fruiting of the ‘Fuji’ apple. Journal of Plant Nutrition 33: 1904-1913.
 
Losciale, P., Manfrini, L., Morandi, B., Novak, B., Pierpaoli, E., Zibordi, M., Corelli Grappadelli, L., Anconelli, S., and Galli, F. 2012. Water restriction effect on pear rootstocks: photoprotective processes and the possible role of photorespiration in limiting carbon assimilation. X International Symposium on Integrating Canopy, Rootstock and Environmental Physiology in Orchard Systems 1058: 237-244.
 
Luo, J., Qin, J., He, F., Li, H., Liu, T., Polle, A., Peng, C., and Luo, Z.-B. 2013. Net fluxes of ammonium and nitrate in association with H+ fluxes in fine roots of Populus popularis. Planta 237: 919-931.
 
Martinez, H. E., de Souza, B. P., Caixeta, E. T., de Carvalho, F. P., and Clemente, J. M. 2020. Water deficit changes nitrate uptake and expression of some nitrogen-related genes in coffee plants (Coffea arabica L.). Scientia Horticulturae 267: 109254. DOI: s10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109254.
 
Meng, S., Zhang, C., Su, L., Li, Y., and Zhao, Z. 2016. Nitrogen uptake and metabolism of Populus simonii in response to PEG-induced drought stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany 123: 78-87.
 
Naeem, M., and Khan, M. M. A. 2009. Phosphorus ameliorates crop productivity, photosynthesis, nitrate reductase activity, and nutrient accumulation in coffee senna (Senna occidentalis L.) under phosphorus-deficient soil. Journal of Plant Interactions 4: 145-153.
 
Nieves‐Cordones, M., Rodenas, R., Lara, A., Martinez, V., and Rubio, F. 2019. The combination of K+ deficiency with other environmental stresses: what is the outcome? Physiologia Plantarum 165: 264-276.
 
O'Brien, J. A., Vega, A., Bouguyon, E., Krouk, G., Gojon, A., Coruzzi, G., and Gutierrez, R. A. 2016. Nitrate transport, sensing, and responses in plants. Molecular Plant 9: 837-856.
 
Oliveira, M. T., Medeiros, C. D., Frosi, G., and Santos, M. G. 2014. Different mechanisms drive the performance of native and invasive woody species in response to leaf phosphorus supply during periods of drought stress and recovery. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 82: 66-75.
 
Ozturk, A. 2021. The Effects of different rootstocks on the graft success and stion development of some pear cultivars. International Journal of Fruit Science 21: 932-944.
 
Pandey, P., Irulappan, V., Bagavathiannan, M. V., and Senthil-Kumar, M. 2017. Impact of combined abiotic and biotic stresses on plant growth and avenues for crop improvement by exploiting physio-morphological traits. Frontiers in Plant Science 8: 537. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00537.
 
Romero, P., and Botia, P. 2006. Daily and seasonal patterns of leaf water relations and gas exchange of regulated deficit-irrigated almond trees under semiarid conditions. Environmental and Experimental Botany 56: 158-173.
 
Rossdeutsch, L., Schreiner, R. P., Skinkis, P. A., and Deluc, L. 2021. Nitrate uptake and transport properties of two grapevine rootstocks with varying vigor. Frontiers in Plant Science 11: 608813. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.608813.
 
Sanchez-Rodriguez, E., del Mar Rubio-Wilhelmi, M., Rios, J. J., Blasco, B., Rosales, M. A., Melgarejo, R., Romero, L., and Ruiz, J. M. 2011. Ammonia production and assimilation: its importance as a tolerance mechanism during mild water deficit in tomato plants. Journal of Plant Physiology 168: 816-823.
 
Serra, I., Strever, A., Myburgh, P., and Deloire, A. 2014. The interaction between rootstocks and cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) to enhance drought tolerance in grapevine. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 20: 1-14.
 
Singh, J. 1988. A rapid method for determination of nitrate in soil and plant extracts. Plant and Soil 110: 137-139.
 
Singh, S. K., Badgujar, G., Reddy, V.R., Fleisher, D. H., and Bunce, J. A. 2013. Carbon dioxide diffusion across stomata and mesophyll and photo-biochemical processes as affected by growth CO2 and phosphorus nutrition in cotton. Journal of Plant Physiology 170: 801-813.
 
Sun, G., Li, W., and Abulitifu, Y. 2016. Effects of regulated deficit irrigation on twig water potential of Korla Fragrant pear. Agricultural Science and Technology 17: 1802-1807.
 
Wang, M., Zheng, Q., Shen, Q., and Guo, S. 2013. The critical role of potassium in plant stress response. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 14: 7370-7390.
 
Waraich, E. A., Ahmad, R., Ashraf, M.Y., Saifullah, and Ahmad, M. 2011. Improving agricultural water use efficiency by nutrient management in crop plants. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B-Soil & Plant Science 61 (4): 291-304.
 
Webster, A. 1996. A review of fruit tree rootstock research and development. VI International Symposium on Integrated Canopy, Rootstock, Environmental Physiology in Orchard Systems 451: 53-74.
 
Wu, F., Bao, W., Li, F., and Wu, N. 2008. Effects of water stress and nitrogen supply on leaf gas exchange and fluorescence parameters of Sophora davidii seedlings. Photosynthetica 46: 40-48.
 
Xia, H., Xu, T., Zhang, J., Shen, K., Li, Z., and Liu, J. 2020. Drought-induced responses of nitrogen metabolism in Ipomoea batatas. Plants 9: 1341. DOI: 10.3390/plants9101341.
 
Xu, C., Li, X., and Zhang, L. 2013. The effect of calcium chloride on growth, photosynthesis, and antioxidant responses of Zoysia japonica under drought conditions. PloS one 8: e68214. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068214.
 
Xu, G., Fan, X., and Miller, A. J. 2012. Plant nitrogen assimilation and use efficiency. Annual Review of Plant Biology 63: 153-182.
 
Zhou, Z., and Oosterhuis, D. M. 2012. Physiological mechanism of nitrogen mediating cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings growth under water-stress conditions. American Journal of Plant Sciences 3: 721–730.
 
Zohouri, M., Abdollahi, H., Arji, I., and Abdossi, V. 2020. Variations in growth and photosynthetic parameters of some clonal semi-dwarfing and vigorous seedling pear (Pyrus spp.) rootstocks in response to deficit irrigation. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus 19 (2): 105–121.
 
 
Seed and Plant Journal
Volume 37, Issue 4
November 2022
Pages 489-511

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics