Genetic Diversity of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.)Walp) Germplasm Based on Agronomic and Morphological Traits

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Abstract

To study the genetic diversity using agronomic and morphological traits and to determine the relationship between these traits, 32 cowpea genotypes, were assessed in a randomized complete block design in tow experiments in normal irrigation and drought stress at vegetative stage, in agricultural research farm of University of Tehran, Karaj, in 2013. Analysis of variance showed a high variation for most traits among the genotypes. Results of simple correlation in drought stress condition showed that harvest index, 100 seed weight and biological yield (P≥ 0.01) and days to 50% maturity (P≥ 0.05) had positive correlation with seed yield. In normal irrigation condition, 100 seed weight had negative correlation with number of seeds per pod (P≥ 0.05) and positive correlation (P≥ 0.01) with seed yield. The mean, standard deviation, variance, range, phenotypic coefficient of variation for each traits in both normal and stress conditions were calculated and the results showed high diversity for each trait. The results of principal component analysis based on varimax cycle showed that in normal irrigation and stress, four and three components justified 83.33% and 75.22 % of the variations, respectively. To determine the relationship and distance between genotypes and grouping them based on traits, cluster analysis was performed using UPMGA method. It grouped genotypes into four clusters. Despite the high variability among genotypes, according to the results, genotype 30, 313, 196, 186, 49, 307, 232 and 37 with higher yield and yield components in normal irrigation and drough stress conditions were determined as superior genotypes.

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Seed and Plant Journal
Volume 31, Issue 1
May 2015
Pages 135-162

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