ارزیابی ژنتیکی مقاومت به ویروس موزائیک ایرانی ذرت از طریق تجزیه میانگین نسل‌ها

نویسندگان

گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز 4- استاد، مرکز تحقیقات ویروس‌شناسی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز

چکیده

این تحقیق در سال‌های 1390 تا 1393در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس ودانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز اجرا شد. تلاقی بین اینبرد لاین‌های ذرت MO17 و K1263/1 به ترتیب به عنوان حساس و مقاوم به ویروس موزائیک ایرانی ذرت انجام شد. پس از تولید جمعیت‌های F1 و F2، از طریق تلاقی برگشتی نسل اول با هر دو والد، بذر نسل‌های BC1(F1×MO17) و BC2(F1×K1263/1) به دست آمد. نسل‌های F3(F2:3) و BS1(BC1S1) و BS2(BC2S1) از خودگشنی بوته‌های نسل‌های F2 و BC1 و BC2 تولید شد. ارزیابی نسل‌های مختلف به مدت دو سال در گلخانه و مزرعه با آلوده سازی بوته‌ها توسط زنجرک انجام شد. صفات مرتبط با بیماری شامل شدت علائم بیماری، سطح زیر منحنی پیشرفت بیماری و جذب نور نمونه‌ها در طول موج 405 نانومتر در آزمون الیزا (ELISA) اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که نسل‌های والدینی MO17 و K1263/1 به ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین میزان این صفات را دارا بودند و بنابراین حساس‌ترین و مقاوم‌ترین نسل‌ها بودند. نسل‌های F1 و BC2 واکنشی شبیه به والد مقاوم نشان دادند. نتایج تجزیه میانگین نسل‌ها و آزمون‌های مقیاس نشان داد که مدل 3 پارامتری شامل میانگین (m)، اثر افزایشی [d] و اثر غالبیت [h] بهترین برازش را در هر دو محیط داشت. در مدل ژنتیکی، میانگین، اثر افزایشی و اثر غالبیت صفات مختلف معنی‌دار بود. آثار اپیستازی در کنترل صفات معنی‌دار نبود که نشان دهنده عدم وجود اثر متقابل ژن‌ها در توارث این صفات در جمعیت در حال تفرق حاصل از این تلاقی بود. درجه غالبیت نزدیک به یک تایید کننده غالبیت کامل یا غالبیت نسبی ژن‌ها در کنترل صفات بود. متوسط توارث‌پذیری عمومی برای صفات مورد بررسی بیش از 90 درصد بود. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد با استفاده از روش‌های گزینشی مناسب و به کارگیری اثرهای افزایشی و غالبیت ژن‌های مقاومت، تولید لاین‌های مقاوم به ویروس موزائیک ایرانی ذرت امکان‌پذیر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the Genetic of Resistance to Maize Iranian mosaic virus (MIMV) by Generations Mean Analysis

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Estakhr
  • B. Heidari
  • A. Dadkhodaie
  • K. Izadpanah
چکیده [English]

This study was conducted during 2011-2014 at the College of Agriculture, Shiraz University and Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources of Fars Province. A cross between MO17 and K1263/1 was conducted as susceptible and resistant lines against MIMV. Following the production of F1 and F2 populations, BC1 (F1 × MO17) and BC2 (F1 × K1263/1) generations were produced by backcrossing of F1 with either parental lines. Evaluation of different generations was performed by inoculation of plants by Laodelphax striatellus in greenhouse and field trials in two years. Traits related to MIMV resistance were measured as area under disease progress curve (AUPDC), the percentage of chlorotic disease symptoms, and absorbance value of samples at 405 nm in ELISA test. Based on the results, the highest and lowest amounts of neasured trails were scored in parental lines MO17 and K1263, respectively. Results of GMA and scaling tests indicated that 3-parameters model including mean (m), additive [d] and dominance [h] effects had the best fitness in both experiments. In genetic model, m, [d] and [h] were significant for all traits. Not-significant epistatic effects indicated the lack of inter-genic interactions in inheritance of traits in segregating populations derived from parental lines. Dominance ratio close to unit (1) confirmed complete or partial dominance gene action in genetic control of traits. Heritability of traits was higher that 90%. Therefore, production of resistant inbred lines via selection methods for benefaction of additive effects of resistance genes and dominance effects in production of resistant hybrids would be useful in breeding programs of resistance to MIMV.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Maize
  • heritability
  • MIMV
  • resistance
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